环境：
在正常运行CentOS 7.1的机器上添加一块80G的新硬盘.
系统：
# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.1.1503 (Core) # uname -a Linux localhost.localdomain 3.10.0-229.el7.x86_64 #1 SMP Fri Mar 6 11:36:42 UTC 2015 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
步骤：
1、关机、加硬盘、开机
2、查看硬盘是否识别到
# fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes, 976773168 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0xf0b1ebb0 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 4096 209723391 104859648 7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT /dev/sda2 209723392 210747391 512000 83 Linux /dev/sda3 210747392 976773119 383012864 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk label type: dos Disk identifier: 0x947748e0
3、fdisk /dev/sdb 硬盘分区
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): m #帮助
Command action
a toggle a bootable flag
b edit bsd disklabel
c toggle the dos compatibility flag
d delete a partition
g create a new empty GPT partition table
G create an IRIX (SGI) partition table
l list known partition types
m print this menu
n add a new partition
o create a new empty DOS partition table
p print the partition table
q quit without saving changes
s create a new empty Sun disklabel
t change a partition's system id
u change display/entry units
v verify the partition table
w write table to disk and exit
x extra functionality (experts only)
Command (m for help): p #查看分区
Disk /dev/sdb: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes, 156301488 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x947748e0
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
Command (m for help): n #新建分区
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p #主分区
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1 #分区个数
First sector (2048-156301487, default 2048): #使用所有，直接回车
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-156301487, default 156301487): #直接回车
Using default value 156301487
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 74.5 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
4、查看分区是否成功
# ll /dev/sdb* brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 16 Apr 15 22:11 /dev/sdb brw-rw----. 1 root disk 8, 17 Apr 15 22:11 /dev/sdb1
5、格式化分区
# mkfs #系统支持的文件系统格式 mkfs mkfs.btrfs mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.ext4 mkfs.minix mkfs.xfs # mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 #CentOS7.1 默认的文件系统为xfs，保存同系统一致
6、挂载新硬盘，并添加到 /etc/fstab自动挂载
mkdir /newdisk mount /dev/sdb1 /newdisk # vi /etc/fstab # /etc/fstab # Created by anaconda on Wed Apr 15 18:50:24 2015 # # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk' # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info # /dev/sdb1 /newdisk xfs defaults 0 0
7、重启验证一下
# df -hT Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/mapper/centos-root xfs 50G 1.1G 49G 3% / devtmpfs devtmpfs 927M 0 927M 0% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 937M 0 937M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs tmpfs 937M 8.5M 928M 1% /run tmpfs tmpfs 937M 0 937M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sdb1 xfs 75G 33M 75G 1% /newdisk /dev/mapper/centos-home xfs 312G 33M 312G 1% /home /dev/sda2 xfs 497M 121M 377M 25% /boot
参考文档：
http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2011-02/31868.htm